County of cowlitz

History & Founding

Located in the southwestern corner of Washington state, this county boasts a rich history interwoven with the narratives of indigenous peoples and early settlers. Established in 1846 from a portion of Pacific County, it initially bore the name of Cowlitz Farm. The name was later changed to Cowlitz County, derived from the Cowlitz tribe, a Chinookan people who inhabited the area for centuries. The tribe's name, meaning “people of the river,” reflects their deep connection to the waterways that define the region. Early settlers, primarily fur traders and farmers, gradually transformed the landscape, though conflicts with the Cowlitz people were, unfortunately, a recurring theme. An interesting anecdote from the 1850s recounts a brief but intense standoff between settlers and a group of Cowlitz warriors over a disputed fishing ground, highlighting the tensions inherent in westward expansion. The county played a crucial role in Washington's development, serving as a vital agricultural hub and later, a transportation corridor connecting the Puget Sound region to the interior.

Geography & Landscape

The county’s geography is strikingly diverse. It sits nestled between the Cascade Mountains and the Columbia River, encompassing a landscape that ranges from rolling hills and fertile river valleys to densely forested slopes. The Columbia River forms its eastern boundary, while the Coweeman River and numerous smaller streams carve their way through the land. Mount St. Helens, dramatically altered by its 1980 eruption, dominates the southeastern horizon. The climate is generally mild and temperate, characterized by warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Average rainfall varies considerably depending on elevation, with the western portions receiving significantly more precipitation than the eastern. The area's fertile soil and abundant water resources have long made it ideal for agriculture.

Economy & Communities

Nine cities and towns comprise the county, including Kelso (the county seat), Longview, Castle Rock, and Woodland. Historically reliant on timber and agriculture, the economy has diversified over time. While timber remains a significant industry, manufacturing, healthcare, and retail trade are also important contributors. Agriculture continues to play a role, with dairy farming, berry production, and Christmas tree cultivation being particularly noteworthy. Major employers include Legacy Health, Walmart, and various manufacturing facilities. The overall character of the area is a blend of rural and suburban influences, with Longview and Kelso representing more urban centers while smaller towns retain a distinctly rural feel. The presence of the Port of Kalama adds a significant industrial component, facilitating trade and transportation.

Points of Interest

Numerous points of interest draw visitors and residents alike. The Columbia River Renaissance Park in Longview offers scenic views and recreational opportunities. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, located just outside the county, provides a glimpse into the region’s fur trade history. Several county parks offer hiking trails and opportunities for outdoor recreation. The annual Kelso Salmon Festival celebrates the region’s rich fishing heritage. The county also boasts a number of historic buildings and landmarks that reflect its diverse past. A unique fact is that the county holds a record for the production of peppermint, with significant acreage dedicated to its cultivation, contributing to a distinctive aroma during harvest season.