County of chemung

History & Founding

Located in the Southern Tier region of New York State, this county boasts a rich history and a captivating blend of natural beauty and community spirit. Established in 1795 from Tioga and Steuben Counties, its name derives from "Ga-na-da-ga," a Native American term believed to mean “great hills” or “place of the hills.” The name was later Anglicized to Chemung. The region was originally inhabited by the Chemung people, a branch of the Iroquois Confederacy. Its strategic location played a significant role in the Revolutionary War, serving as a crucial supply route and witnessing skirmishes. An interesting anecdote recounts how General John Sullivan, during the Sullivan Expedition of 1779, ordered the burning of several Native American villages in the Chemung Valley, a controversial act that significantly altered the landscape and the lives of its inhabitants. The county’s early development was intertwined with the westward expansion and the growth of the Erie Canal, which facilitated trade and settlement.

Geography & Landscape

Geographically, the county occupies a picturesque landscape within the Appalachian Plateau. Situated approximately 150 miles southwest of Albany, it encompasses 408 square miles, characterized by rolling hills, fertile valleys, and abundant waterways. The Chemung River, a major tributary of the Susquehanna River, meanders through the county, providing vital resources and scenic beauty. Several smaller creeks and streams contribute to the region’s abundant water supply. The terrain is generally hilly, with elevations ranging from approximately 800 to 2,000 feet. The climate is humid continental, with warm summers and cold, snowy winters. The area experiences four distinct seasons, contributing to its vibrant natural beauty. Notable natural features include scenic overlooks providing panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.

Economy & Communities

The county is comprised of eleven towns and the city of Elmira, serving as the county seat. The economy is a mix of agriculture, industry, and services. While agriculture remains important, with dairy farming and fruit production being significant contributors, the industrial sector has evolved over time. Historically a hub for railroading and manufacturing, the economy now includes healthcare, education, and tourism. Major employers include hospitals, schools, and various manufacturing facilities. The character of the area is a blend of rural and suburban, with pockets of urban development concentrated in and around Elmira. The communities are generally close-knit, fostering a strong sense of local pride.

Points of Interest

Numerous points of interest draw visitors to the area. Watkins Glen State Park, renowned for its stunning gorge and waterfalls, is a major attraction. The Chemung County Historical Society Museum preserves and showcases the region’s rich heritage. The Clemens Museum, dedicated to the life and works of Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens), who lived in Elmira for several years, is a significant cultural site. The Elmira Little Theatre has a long and storied history. The county hosts various festivals throughout the year, celebrating local traditions and attracting visitors. Notable residents throughout history have included Mark Twain and William Seward, a former Secretary of State. The county holds the record for having the longest continuous operating free library in the United States, highlighting its commitment to education and community enrichment.