County of allegany

History & Founding

Located in southwestern New York, this county boasts a rich history intertwined with the early settlement of the region. Established in 1806 from portions of Genesee and Cattaraugus counties, its name originates from the Allegheny River, a vital waterway for Native American tribes and later, European settlers. The name itself is derived from a Lenape word, likely meaning “good place” or "beautiful stream." Early settlement was spurred by the Genesee Land Company, attracting farmers and entrepreneurs seeking fertile land and timber resources. During the War of 1812, the county served as a strategic location, providing supplies and manpower for the defense of New York. An interesting anecdote from the county’s past involves the brief, ill-fated attempt to establish a utopian community called New Harmony near Angelica in the 1820s, reflecting the era’s fascination with social experimentation. The county’s development was crucial in New York's westward expansion, contributing to the state’s agricultural and timber industries.

Geography & Landscape

The county’s geography is characterized by a diverse and stunning landscape. Situated along the northern edge of the Appalachian Plateau, it encompasses approximately 1,030 square miles. The terrain is largely rolling hills and valleys, gradually rising to the Allegheny Highlands. Several rivers, including the Genesee, Olean Creek, and Ischua Creek, carve through the landscape, providing scenic beauty and vital water resources. The county is bordered by Pennsylvania to the west and contains sections of the Allegheny National Forest. The climate is humid continental, experiencing warm summers and cold, snowy winters. Notable natural features include the Salamanca Gorge, a dramatic canyon carved by the Genesee River, and numerous waterfalls throughout the county. The elevation ranges from approximately 1,200 feet to over 2,500 feet at the highest points.

Economy & Communities

The economy and communities within the county reflect its rural character. The county seat is Belmont, and it’s comprised of 26 towns, with no cities. Major towns include Salamanca, Olean, and Wellsville, each possessing its own distinct identity. Historically, agriculture was the backbone of the economy, with dairy farming and livestock production playing significant roles. Today, while agriculture remains important, the economy is diversified. Industries include manufacturing, particularly in the metalworking and plastics sectors, and tourism, driven by the area’s natural beauty and outdoor recreational opportunities. Notable employers include Guthrie Healthcare, Allegany County government, and various agricultural businesses. The character of the area is distinctly rural, with a strong sense of community and a slower pace of life, although the proximity to larger cities like Buffalo and Rochester provides access to broader economic opportunities.

Points of Interest

Points of interest abound for those seeking to explore the county’s heritage and natural wonders. Allegany State Park, one of the largest state parks in New York, offers extensive hiking trails, camping facilities, and stunning views. The Seneca Oil Heritage Park in Salamanca commemorates the region’s early petroleum industry. The Pioneer Cemetery in Hume is the final resting place of many early settlers. The annual Wellsville Grape Festival celebrates the area’s history of grape cultivation. The county has also produced notable residents, including poet Donald Hall. Uniquely, the county holds the record for the highest average elevation of any county in New York State, a testament to its rugged and beautiful terrain.