County of berkeley

History & Founding

Located in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia, this county boasts a rich history intertwined with the westward expansion of the United States. Established in 1772 from parts of Hampshire County, its name honors William Berkeley, the colonial governor of Virginia during Bacon's Rebellion. Berkeley’s controversial actions during the rebellion, while initially unpopular, ultimately shaped the region’s development. During the Civil War, the area played a strategic role, experiencing numerous skirmishes and raids due to its proximity to Virginia. A fascinating anecdote highlights this period: a Confederate cavalry unit, led by Turner Ashby, famously captured a large herd of cattle from a local farmer in 1861, providing much-needed supplies for the Southern cause. This event, and many others like it, left a lasting mark on the county’s identity and continues to be a topic of local lore. The county's early role in supplying settlers moving west contributed significantly to West Virginia’s growth and eventual statehood.

Geography & Landscape

The county sits nestled within the Appalachian Mountains, offering a picturesque landscape of rolling hills and fertile valleys. It occupies approximately 321 square miles, predominantly land. The Potomac River forms its eastern border, separating it from Maryland and offering scenic views and recreational opportunities. Several smaller streams and creeks, such as the Cacapon River, meander through the county, contributing to its natural beauty. The terrain varies from gently sloping farmland to steeper, forested slopes in the western portion. The climate is humid subtropical, with warm, humid summers and cool, relatively mild winters. Spring and fall bring vibrant displays of foliage, making it a popular destination for leaf peepers. Notable natural features include several state forests and wildlife management areas, providing ample opportunities for outdoor recreation.

Economy & Communities

The area’s economy has evolved significantly over time. The three principal towns – Martinsburg, Shepherdstown, and Hedgesville – each contribute to the county’s diverse character. Historically reliant on agriculture, particularly fruit orchards and livestock farming, the economy has diversified to include manufacturing, healthcare, and retail. Major employers include Apple Orchards, Potomac Edison, and several healthcare facilities. While agriculture remains important, particularly for local farmers markets, the area has experienced substantial growth in light industry and logistics, attracting businesses seeking a strategic location near the I-81 corridor. The character of the area is a blend of rural charm and suburban development, with Martinsburg experiencing the most rapid growth as a regional hub.

Points of Interest

Points of interest abound for visitors and residents alike. The historic town of Shepherdstown, known for its charming architecture and vibrant arts scene, hosts numerous festivals throughout the year, including the Shepherdstown Swiss Chocolate Festival. The Berkeley County Historical Society Museum showcases the county’s rich past. Several state parks, such as Cacapon Resort State Park, offer outdoor recreation opportunities including hiking, camping, and fishing. The Lloyd Clay House, a beautifully preserved Victorian home, provides a glimpse into the life of a prominent local family. A unique fact: Berkeley County boasts the highest concentration of apple orchards per square mile in West Virginia, a testament to its agricultural heritage. The county's proximity to Washington D.C. also draws visitors and contributes to its cultural vibrancy.