County of allegany

History & Founding

Located in western Maryland, this county holds a rich tapestry of history, natural beauty, and a resilient community. Established in 1789, it was carved from Washington County and named Allegany, derived from the name of the Allegheny River. The name itself is believed to originate from a Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) word meaning "right channel" or "beautiful river.” Early settlers, primarily of Scotch-Irish and German descent, were drawn to the fertile valleys and abundant resources. During the Civil War, the county served as a crucial supply route for the Union, and the strategic importance of the B&O Railroad running through Cumberland led to Confederate raids and skirmishes. An interesting anecdote recounts how Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart, during his 1862 raid, famously stole a chicken from a local farmer, a small act of defiance that remains a source of local amusement. The county’s development was intrinsically linked to the expansion of the railroad and the timber industry, shaping its early growth and character.

Geography & Landscape

The county’s geography is dominated by the Appalachian Mountains, defining its rugged and picturesque landscape. Situated along the western edge of Maryland, it borders Pennsylvania and West Virginia. The terrain is characterized by steep valleys, rolling hills, and dense forests. Major rivers, including the North Branch Potomac and Savage River, carve through the mountains, providing vital water resources and scenic beauty. The climate is humid subtropical, with four distinct seasons, experiencing warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. The highest point in the county is Mount Davis, offering panoramic views of the surrounding mountains. The landscape fosters a strong connection to the outdoors, attracting hikers, anglers, and nature enthusiasts.

Economy & Communities

The county’s economy reflects its rural and mountainous setting. Cumberland, the county seat, is the largest town and serves as a regional hub for commerce and services. Other significant towns include Frostburg, Oakland, and Grantsville. Historically reliant on timber and coal mining, the economy has diversified to include tourism, healthcare, and light manufacturing. Agriculture remains important, with farms producing hay, corn, and livestock. Major employers include UPMC Western Maryland, a regional hospital, and several manufacturing companies. The area maintains a distinctly rural character, with a strong sense of community and a slower pace of life, though suburban influences are growing in certain areas.

Points of Interest

Points of interest abound, showcasing the county's historical significance and natural splendor. Swallow Falls State Park, home to Maryland’s highest waterfall, is a popular destination. Fort Cumberland, a historic military outpost, played a vital role in the French and Indian War. The B&O Railroad National Historic Park preserves the legacy of this pivotal transportation network. The Maryland Fireman's Museum in Oakland celebrates the history of firefighting. The annual Cumberland Bluegrass Festival draws crowds from across the region. Notable residents have included Clarence Clemons, the late saxophone player for Bruce Springsteen’s E Street Band. The county also holds the record for having the highest elevation in Maryland, a testament to its dramatic mountain terrain.