County of oneida

History & Founding

Located in north-central Wisconsin, this county boasts a rich history deeply intertwined with the region’s indigenous peoples and the westward expansion of the United States. Established in 1887 from portions of Langlade and Forest counties, its name honors the Oneida people, a branch of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy. The Oneida migrated westward in the 18th century, fleeing conflict and seeking refuge. Their presence in Wisconsin is a testament to a complex and often tragic history of displacement and resilience. Interestingly, the initial proposal for the county’s name was “Lincoln,” honoring President Abraham Lincoln, but the Oneida tribe’s significant presence ultimately swayed the decision. The county played a vital role in Wisconsin's development as logging and resource extraction industries took hold, contributing to the state's economic growth during a period of rapid industrialization.

Geography & Landscape

The county’s geography is defined by its expansive wilderness. Covering 1,125 square miles, it occupies a significant portion of northern Wisconsin, bordering Vilas, Lincoln, Marathon, and Waushara counties. The terrain is predominantly rolling hills and dense forests, punctuated by a remarkable abundance of lakes and rivers. The landscape is a mosaic of pine, spruce, and hardwood forests, offering stunning vistas and recreational opportunities. The Wisconsin River and numerous tributaries flow through the county, providing vital waterways for transportation and recreation. While no true mountains exist, the terrain offers gentle elevation changes that contribute to the area's scenic beauty. The climate is characterized by cold, snowy winters and warm, humid summers, typical of the upper Midwest.

Economy & Communities

The county’s economy reflects its rural character and natural resources. Rhinelander, the county seat, serves as the primary commercial and governmental hub. Other notable towns include Minocqua, Eagle River, and Three Lakes, each with their own distinct character. Historically, the economy was heavily reliant on logging, but today it’s a blend of tourism, healthcare, and manufacturing. Agriculture, though not a dominant force, includes dairy farming and some specialty crops. Tourism is a major driver, attracting visitors seeking outdoor recreation such as fishing, boating, snowmobiling, and hiking. Notable employers include Aspirus Health, a regional healthcare provider, and various businesses catering to the tourism industry. The area maintains a predominantly rural feel, with small towns and close-knit communities.

Points of Interest

Points of interest abound, drawing visitors from across the region and beyond. The Northern Highland–American Legion State Forest covers a large portion of the county, offering extensive hiking trails and camping opportunities. The Nicolet National Forest also contributes to the county's vast recreational space. The Rhinelander History Museum preserves the area's rich heritage. Numerous lakes, including Eagle River, Crystal Lake, and Star Lake, provide excellent fishing and boating opportunities. The annual Minocqua Winter Carnival is a popular event, celebrating the winter season with parades, ice sculptures, and other festivities. The county is also home to the Hodag Country Festival, a large music festival. Notably, the county claims to be the home of the Hodag, a mythical beast of Wisconsin folklore, adding to the area's unique charm and regional identity.