County of iron

History & Founding

Located in far northwestern Wisconsin, this county holds a unique place in the state's history and landscape. Established in 1855 from parts of Ashland and Price counties, its name derives directly from the rich iron ore deposits discovered in the region during the mid-19th century. These deposits, crucial to the burgeoning industrial revolution, spurred rapid settlement and development. Prior to European settlement, the area was inhabited by the Ojibwe people. The county’s early history is deeply intertwined with the Wisconsin Central Railroad, which played a vital role in transporting the ore to markets. A fascinating anecdote recounts a period in the 1880s when the county was briefly known as "Iron City" due to the booming mining activity and the promise of rapid urbanization – a moniker that ultimately didn’t stick but highlights the era’s intense fervor. The county’s contribution to Wisconsin’s industrial growth and the nation’s infrastructure cannot be overstated.

Geography & Landscape

The county's geography is strikingly beautiful, characterized by rolling hills, dense forests, and numerous waterways. Situated along the northern edge of the Penokee Range, the terrain is predominantly hilly and heavily wooded, primarily with coniferous trees like pine, spruce, and fir. Major rivers include the Brule River and the Montreal River, both of which offer excellent trout fishing opportunities. Numerous lakes dot the landscape, providing recreational opportunities. The county’s elevation ranges from around 700 to over 1,600 feet, contributing to its cool climate. Summers are relatively short and mild, while winters are long, cold, and snowy, with average annual snowfall exceeding 100 inches. The Penokee-Iron Range State Forest covers a significant portion of the county, protecting its natural beauty and providing opportunities for outdoor recreation.

Economy & Communities

The county’s population, currently around 6,861, is spread across six towns and villages. Hurley serves as the county seat, a testament to its historical significance as a mining town. Other notable communities include Ironwood, Amberg, Mercer, and Bessemer. The economy historically revolved around iron mining and timber harvesting, though these industries have significantly declined. Today, tourism is a major contributor, drawing visitors seeking outdoor recreation like hiking, fishing, snowmobiling, and ATV riding. Small-scale agriculture, primarily dairy farming and some specialty crops, also plays a role. Notable employers include the Hurley School District, various tourism-related businesses, and some forestry operations. The character of the area is decidedly rural, with a strong sense of community and a slower pace of life.

Points of Interest

Points of interest abound for those who explore this corner of Wisconsin. The Montreal Falls State Park showcases the dramatic beauty of the Montreal River cascading over a series of waterfalls. The Penokee Ridge Trail offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape. The Iron County Historical Society Museum in Hurley preserves the county’s rich mining heritage. The annual Montreal River Rendezvous, a historical reenactment festival, draws crowds eager to experience the fur trade era. The county has produced some notable residents, including athletes and artists who have drawn inspiration from its natural beauty. A unique fact is that the county holds the record for the highest average elevation of any county in Wisconsin, a testament to its rugged and picturesque terrain.