County of westmoreland

History & Founding

Located on Virginia’s Northern Neck peninsula, this county traces its origins back to 1653, initially as part of Lancaster County. It officially separated in 1735, carved from Lancaster and Richmond counties. The name honors William Cavendish, the 2nd Duke of Westmorland, a prominent figure in English politics and a supporter of the proprietary government of Virginia. During the Revolutionary War, the county served as a vital supply route for the Continental Army, and several skirmishes occurred within its borders. A fascinating anecdote recounts how Benedict Arnold, before his infamous betrayal, briefly headquartered in Montross while planning a raid on British forces. The county's strategic location and agricultural productivity played a significant role in Virginia’s early development, contributing to the state's economic prosperity through tobacco and other crops.

Geography & Landscape

The county’s geography is quintessential Northern Neck – a gently rolling landscape defined by its proximity to the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers. It occupies approximately 229 square miles, with a terrain largely composed of fertile lowlands and tidal marshes. The county’s boundaries are interwoven with the waterways that characterize the peninsula, providing ample opportunities for boating, fishing, and enjoying the scenic beauty of the Chesapeake Bay region. The climate is humid subtropical, characterized by warm, humid summers and mild winters. Notable natural features include expansive views of the rivers, abundant wildlife, and a landscape that remains largely unspoiled by intensive development.

Economy & Communities

The county is primarily a rural area with a small population of 16,718 residents. Montross serves as the county seat and largest community, along with Hague as the other incorporated town. The economy is largely based on agriculture, with crops like soybeans, corn, and wheat being significant contributors. Watermen continue to harvest oysters and other seafood from the surrounding waters, maintaining a connection to the area’s maritime heritage. While agriculture remains important, there is a growing presence of small businesses catering to tourism and recreation. Notable employers include agricultural suppliers, local retailers, and businesses related to the tourism sector. The character of the area is defined by its close-knit communities, a slower pace of life, and a strong sense of tradition.

Points of Interest

Points of interest highlight the county’s rich history and natural beauty. Westmoreland State Park, located on the cliffs overlooking the Potomac River, offers stunning views and recreational opportunities. The Adam T. Kirkpatrick Museum and Gallery showcases local art and historical artifacts. Several historic churches and homes offer glimpses into the county's past. The annual Westmoreland County Fair is a beloved community tradition. The county also boasts a unique claim to fame: it’s believed to be the birthplace of Edgar Allan Poe’s grandmother, Eliza Arnold, adding a literary connection to the area’s already compelling story. The county's commitment to preserving its rural character and historical significance continues to define its identity.