County of highland

History & Founding

Nestled in the remote southwestern corner of Virginia, this county boasts a history deeply intertwined with the westward expansion of the Commonwealth. Established in 1838 from parts of Bath and Alleghany counties, its name reflects the rugged, elevated terrain that defines its character – "Highland" referencing the mountainous landscape. The area was originally inhabited by the Monacan Native Americans, and later became a frontier zone during colonial times. While not a major battleground during the Civil War, Highland County served as a refuge for families seeking to avoid the conflict, and its isolation meant it largely escaped the large-scale devastation experienced elsewhere in Virginia. An interesting anecdote highlights this isolation: during the war, a local farmer reportedly continued his routine of plowing fields, oblivious to the raging conflict until a Confederate soldier brought him news months later. This story underscores the county’s enduring sense of detachment and self-sufficiency.

Geography & Landscape

The county’s location is truly remarkable. It occupies a geographically isolated pocket within the Blue Ridge Mountains, bordered by West Virginia and Pocahontas County. The land area spans 416 square miles, almost entirely mountainous, with elevations ranging from 1,800 to over 4,000 feet. Numerous streams and tributaries, including the Cowpasture River and the Jackson River, carve through the landscape, providing vital water resources. The climate is humid subtropical, with four distinct seasons, characterized by cool summers and cold, snowy winters. The terrain is predominantly steep and forested, making it a haven for wildlife and offering breathtaking views of the surrounding mountain ranges. The county's isolation has preserved its natural beauty, making it a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts.

Economy & Communities

There are no incorporated cities or towns within the county; it remains a sparsely populated rural area. The population stands at just over 2,500 residents, reflecting a long-term trend of decline. The local economy is primarily driven by agriculture, particularly livestock farming, and timber production. Small-scale tourism, capitalizing on the area’s scenic beauty and outdoor recreation opportunities, is also gaining importance. There are few major employers; the county government, local schools, and small businesses focused on agriculture and tourism form the backbone of the economy. The character of the area is undeniably rural, with a strong sense of community and a slower pace of life. Residents often maintain a deep connection to the land and traditional ways of life.

Points of Interest

Highland County offers a unique blend of natural beauty and historical significance. The Highland Nature Center provides opportunities for learning about the local flora and fauna. Several historic sites, including remnants of early settlements and traditional farmsteads, offer glimpses into the county’s past. The annual Highland County Fair is a cherished tradition, celebrating local agriculture and community spirit. Notable residents have often been individuals who appreciate the area's tranquility and connection to nature. A unique fact is that Highland County consistently ranks among the least densely populated counties in the United States, a testament to its remote location and enduring rural character. It remains a place where time seems to slow down, and the beauty of the Appalachian Mountains takes center stage.