County of union

History & Founding

Nestled in northeastern Oregon, this county boasts a rich history rooted in the westward expansion of the United States. Established in 1889, it was carved from parts of Baker and Wallowa counties. The name "Union" is a direct reference to the Union Party, a short-lived political entity popular in the region during the late 19th century, reflecting the hope for national unity following the Civil War. Early settlement was driven by the promise of fertile land and opportunities in agriculture and timber. The Oregon Short Line Railroad's arrival in 1887 significantly boosted development, bringing settlers and goods to the area. An interesting anecdote from the county’s past involves a brief, but spirited, attempt to establish a utopian community called "New Jerusalem" near Elgin in the 1890s, which ultimately failed due to harsh conditions and internal disagreements. The county played a vital role in Oregon's agricultural development, contributing significantly to the state’s wheat and livestock production.

Geography & Landscape

The county’s geography is strikingly diverse, encompassing a vast 2,037 square miles. It lies within the Blue Mountains, characterized by rugged terrain, forested slopes, and expansive grasslands. The Grande Ronde River, a major waterway, flows through the heart of the county, providing irrigation and recreation opportunities. Several smaller rivers and creeks further contribute to the region’s water resources. The elevation varies greatly, ranging from around 2,500 feet in the valleys to over 7,000 feet on the mountain peaks. The climate is classified as semi-arid, with cold, snowy winters and warm, dry summers. Notable natural features include the diverse plant life, ranging from ponderosa pine forests to sagebrush steppe, and the dramatic views afforded by the mountain ranges.

Economy & Communities

The county’s economy is largely based on agriculture and natural resources. La Grande, the county seat, is the largest and most urbanized center, serving as a regional hub for commerce and services. Other towns, such as Elgin, Cove, and Union, contribute to the county’s rural character. Agriculture remains a cornerstone of the economy, with wheat, hay, and livestock being major products. Timber harvesting and processing have historically been important, although the industry has seen fluctuations. Notable employers include agricultural businesses, timber companies, and healthcare providers. The area retains a strong sense of community, with a focus on small-town values and a connection to the land. It’s predominantly a rural landscape, punctuated by pockets of small-town development.

Points of Interest

Several points of interest draw visitors to the area. The Josephy Center for Arts and Culture in La Grande showcases regional art and history. The Catherine Creek Natural Area provides opportunities for hiking and wildlife viewing. The historic buildings in Elgin and other towns offer glimpses into the county's past. The annual Union County Fair is a beloved tradition. The county has been home to several notable residents, including Arthur Lay Jacobson, a prominent jurist. A unique record is the sheer size of the county itself; it’s the third largest in Oregon by land area, offering a sense of vastness and solitude that is increasingly rare.