County of grant

History & Founding

Established in 1860 from parts of Wasco and Harney counties, this Oregon county carries the name of Ulysses S. Grant, then a rising figure in the Union Army during the Civil War. The naming occurred shortly after the county’s formation, reflecting the national sentiment of the time. Prior to European settlement, the area was inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Warm Springs, Umatilla, and Northern Paiute. The discovery of gold in the 50s spurred initial settlement, though the harsh conditions and remote location limited rapid growth. The Oregon Short Line Railroad’s arrival in the late 1880s brought some economic stability, but the county remained sparsely populated throughout its history. An interesting anecdote recounts the brief, almost comical existence of a town called “Grant’s Landing” near the John Day River, which quickly faded as the initial gold rush petered out, leaving behind only remnants of its fleeting prosperity.

Geography & Landscape

Located in eastern Oregon, this county occupies a vast and rugged expanse of land. It encompasses approximately 4,529 square miles, making it the second-largest county in the state. The terrain is predominantly mountainous, characterized by the John Day River drainage basin. The John Day River itself is a significant feature, carving a scenic path through the landscape. The Strawberry Mountains dominate the western portion of the county, while the Elkhorn Mountains rise to the east. The climate is characterized by semi-arid conditions, with cold winters and warm, dry summers. Precipitation is limited, primarily falling as snow in the higher elevations. Notable natural features include the Painted Hills, a vibrant display of colorful rock formations, and numerous canyons and basalt cliffs.

Economy & Communities

The area’s economy is largely based on agriculture, timber, and tourism. The major towns include John Day, Bates, Elgin, Mitchell, Long Creek, and Canyon City, the county seat. Agriculture is centered on livestock grazing and hay production, with some wheat and grain crops also grown. Timber harvesting has historically been important, although its role has diminished in recent decades. Tourism is increasingly significant, attracting visitors drawn to the scenic beauty and outdoor recreational opportunities. Notable employers include timber companies, agricultural businesses, and the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument. The area retains a distinctly rural character, with a close-knit community and a slower pace of life.

Points of Interest

Points of interest abound, reflecting the region’s natural and historical significance. The John Day Fossil Beds National Monument is a major draw, showcasing a remarkable record of prehistoric plant and animal life. Numerous state parks and recreation areas offer opportunities for hiking, fishing, and camping. The historic buildings in Canyon City and John Day provide glimpses into the county’s past. The annual John Day River Roundup, a rodeo and celebration of western heritage, is a popular event. The Painted Hills Unit of the Fossil Beds Monument is recognized for its unique geological formations, drawing visitors from across the globe. The county's population remains relatively small, fostering a sense of community and preserving its unique identity.