County of harney

History & Founding

Located in southeastern Oregon, this county represents a vast expanse of the state’s high desert landscape. Established in 1859, it was initially known as Harney’s Valley, named in honor of Captain Benjamin Albinus Harney, a U.S. Army officer. Harney's involvement in the 1856 Harney Massacre, where a detachment of soldiers attacked a band of Paiute Indians, remains a controversial and significant event in the region’s history. The county's formation reflected the westward expansion and the desire for control over resources and land previously inhabited by Native American tribes. The Malheur Reclamation Act of 1906 played a crucial role in encouraging settlement and agricultural development, bringing settlers to the arid lands.

Geography & Landscape

The county sprawls across a significant portion of southeastern Oregon, encompassing a diverse geography. Its terrain is predominantly high desert, characterized by sagebrush steppe, rolling hills, and expansive plains. The Malheur National Forest dominates the western portion, providing a backdrop of forested slopes and rugged mountains. The Silvies River and the Malheur River are vital waterways, carving through the landscape and providing irrigation for agriculture. The climate is characterized by cold, snowy winters and hot, dry summers, with average annual precipitation relatively low. Notable natural features include the Alvord Desert, a vast, flat, alkali playa, and Steens Mountain, the highest point in eastern Oregon, offering stunning panoramic views.

Economy & Communities

The county's population is sparsely distributed across four small towns: Burns, the county seat, as well as Fields, Hines, and Willow Ranch. The economy is heavily reliant on agriculture, particularly livestock ranching and hay production. Timber harvesting and processing contribute to the economy, along with some tourism related to outdoor recreation. Major employers include timber companies, agricultural businesses, and the Malheur National Forest. The character of the area is distinctly rural, with a strong sense of community and a slower pace of life. The land is vast and open, and a significant portion remains under federal ownership.

Points of Interest

Points of interest include the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, a crucial habitat for migratory birds and a focal point for ongoing disputes regarding land management. Steens Mountain offers exceptional hiking and scenic drives. The Harney County Historical Museum in Burns showcases the region’s rich history, including exhibits on Native American culture and pioneer settlement. The annual Harney County Fair provides a celebration of agriculture and community. A unique fact about the county is its location within the Great Basin, a vast endorheic basin that drains inwards, contributing to the unique hydrology of the region. The area’s remoteness and vastness contribute to its unique charm and appeal for those seeking a connection to the natural world.