County of essex

History & Founding

Located in the northeastern corner of Vermont, this county is a realm of sprawling forests, rugged mountains, and a deep sense of rural tradition. Established in 1790, it was originally known as Cornwallis County, a patriotic nod to Charles Cornwallis, the British general who surrendered at Yorktown during the American Revolutionary War. The name was changed to Essex County in 1798, honoring William Essex, a general in the Continental Army. Its early history is intertwined with the settlement of Vermont itself, playing a vital role in the state’s development as settlers moved northward, clearing land and establishing farms. An interesting anecdote from its past involves a brief, almost comical dispute over the county’s northern boundary with Quebec. A joint commission was formed to resolve the issue, and for a time, the boundary line was marked with a series of wooden posts, leading to some humorous incidents of residents unknowingly crossing into Canada while tending their fields.

Geography & Landscape

The county occupies a geographically stunning region of Vermont. It sits within the Green Mountain region, encompassing a significant portion of the Missisquoi Valley and extending into the high peaks of the Green Mountains. The terrain is predominantly mountainous, with rolling hills and valleys interspersed throughout. Several rivers, including the Missisquoi and Black Rivers, carve their way through the landscape, providing vital waterways for both transportation and irrigation. The climate is characterized by cold, snowy winters and warm, humid summers, typical of northern Vermont. Notable natural features include the Willoughby Gap, a dramatic geological formation offering breathtaking views, and numerous pristine lakes and ponds, popular for recreation.

Economy & Communities

The county is sparsely populated, with a population of approximately 6,459 residents spread across eight towns: Brighton, Craftsbury, Ferdinand, Glover, Jay, Lunenburg, Newport, and Troy. Newport, the largest town, serves as a regional hub for commerce and services. The economy is primarily based on agriculture, particularly dairy farming, and tourism. While some logging and maple syrup production remain important, the decline of these industries has prompted diversification into areas like specialty food production and outdoor recreation. Notable employers include North Country Federal Credit Union and various small businesses catering to the tourism sector. The area maintains a strong sense of community and a deeply rooted rural character, with a slower pace of life and a focus on traditional values.

Points of Interest

Points of interest within the county abound for those seeking a connection with Vermont's natural beauty and history. Jay Peak, a popular ski resort, draws visitors during the winter months. Lake Memphremagog, straddling the US-Canada border, offers opportunities for boating, fishing, and swimming. The Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium in Newport is a fascinating institution showcasing natural history and astronomy. Several historic sites, including early settler homes and barns, provide glimpses into the county's past. The annual Jay Fall Festival is a beloved local tradition. Interestingly, this county holds the distinction of having one of the lowest population densities in the entire United States, contributing to its unparalleled sense of solitude and pristine wilderness.