County of monroe

History & Founding

Located at the southernmost tip of Florida, this county represents a unique and geographically isolated region within the state. Established in 1823 from part of Florida’s original Mosquito County, its name honors James Monroe, the fifth President of the United States. This timing coincided with the U.S. acquisition of Florida from Spain, and Monroe’s presidency symbolized the nation’s expansion and control over the newly acquired territory. Early settlement was spurred by wrecking – salvaging goods from ships that ran aground on the treacherous coral reefs – a surprisingly lucrative industry in the 19th century. An interesting anecdote from this era recounts the legend of Barnacle Bill Piggot, a notorious wrecker who supposedly used signal fires to lure ships onto the reefs, though the veracity of his exploits remains debated. The county’s development was intrinsically linked to Florida’s overall growth, serving as a vital link for trade and transportation as the state evolved.

Geography & Landscape

The county's geography is defined by its archipelago nature. It comprises a chain of islands, keys, extending southwest from mainland Florida, with the Florida Keys being the most prominent. The land area encompasses 997 square miles, but only 213 are land, the rest being water. The terrain is largely flat, composed of limestone and coral formations. There are no significant rivers or lakes, but the surrounding waters teem with marine life. The climate is subtropical, characterized by warm temperatures year-round and a distinct wet season. The county boasts a unique ecosystem, including mangrove forests, seagrass beds, and vibrant coral reefs. The Overseas Highway, a marvel of engineering, connects the keys and provides stunning views of the turquoise waters.

Economy & Communities

The area is comprised of twelve incorporated cities and towns, including Key West, Marathon, Islamorada, and Key Largo. Economically, tourism dominates, attracting visitors from around the world eager to experience the tropical paradise. Fishing, both commercial and recreational, is also a significant industry. Agriculture is limited, focusing primarily on citrus fruits, tropical flowers, and nursery crops. Major employers include hospitality businesses, healthcare providers, and government agencies. The character of the area is a blend of laid-back island living and vibrant tourism, creating a distinctive atmosphere. While Key West maintains a bohemian and artistic flair, other keys offer a more relaxed, family-oriented environment.

Points of Interest

Points of interest are plentiful and diverse. The Ernest Hemingway Home and Museum in Key West draws literary enthusiasts, while Dry Tortugas National Park, accessible by boat or seaplane, offers pristine coral reefs and Fort Jefferson. Bahia Honda State Park is renowned for its beautiful beaches and snorkeling opportunities. The annual Fantasy Fest in Key West is a flamboyant celebration of creativity and self-expression. The county holds the record for being the southernmost point in the continental United States. Notable residents throughout history have included writers, artists, and musicians drawn to the area’s unique charm. The county’s isolation and natural beauty have fostered a strong sense of community and a distinctive cultural identity.