County of hawaii

History & Founding

Located on the eastern and southern portions of the Big Island of Hawaiʻi, this county encompasses a vast and diverse landscape. It was officially established in 1901, consolidating several smaller districts that had previously existed under the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi and then the Provisional Government. The name "Hawaiʻi" itself derives directly from the name of the islands, and ultimately from the ancestral homeland of the Polynesian people who first settled these islands centuries ago. The county played a crucial role in the state's development, representing the traditional heartland of Hawaiian culture and serving as a vital agricultural and resource hub. A fascinating anecdote from its early history involves the attempted cultivation of coffee by early settlers in the 1880s, initially failing due to pests but later flourishing with the introduction of new farming techniques, ultimately establishing Hawaiʻi as a major coffee producer.

Geography & Landscape

The county’s geography is dramatically varied. It occupies approximately 4,028 square miles, characterized by active volcanoes, lush rainforests, arid lava fields, and stunning coastlines. Mauna Loa, the world’s largest active volcano, dominates the landscape, while Kīlauea, known for its frequent eruptions, shapes the southeastern portion. Numerous rivers, including the Wailuku River, flow from the volcanic mountains to the Pacific Ocean. There are few significant lakes; instead, numerous waterfalls punctuate the landscape. The climate ranges from tropical rainforest in the windward (eastern) areas to semi-arid in the leeward (western) areas. Notable natural features include the black sand beaches of Punaluʻu and the expansive lava flows of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park.

Economy & Communities

The county’s economy is rooted in agriculture, particularly macadamia nuts, coffee, flowers, and livestock. Tourism is also a significant contributor, drawing visitors to witness the volcanic activity and experience the authentic Hawaiian culture. Major towns include Hilo, the county seat, known for its vibrant arts scene and historical significance, and Pāhoa, a growing community in the Puna District. While some areas exhibit suburban development, the overall character of the county remains largely rural, with a strong sense of community and a slower pace of life. Notable employers include agricultural businesses, tourism-related companies, and government agencies. The University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo also provides significant employment.

Points of Interest

Points of interest abound within the county. Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage site, offering unparalleled opportunities to witness volcanic landscapes. The Liliuokalani Gardens in Hilo, a beautifully landscaped Japanese garden, provide a tranquil escape. The Imiloa Astronomy Center explores Hawaiian cultural connections to the stars. Numerous heiau (ancient Hawaiian temples) dot the landscape, offering glimpses into the county's rich cultural heritage. The Merrie Monarch Festival, a celebration of hula, draws thousands of visitors annually. Notable residents have included pioneering volcanologists and artists deeply connected to the land. The county holds the record for the most active volcanoes in the United States, constantly reshaping its landscape and reminding residents of the powerful forces at play.