County of colfax

History & Founding

Nestled in northeastern New Mexico, this county boasts a rich and complex history. Established in 1919 from parts of Taos and Union counties, it’s a relatively young county in New Mexico’s timeline. The name honors Schuyler Colfax, a former Governor of New York and Vice President under Ulysses S. Grant, reflecting the era’s political influences. The area's history stretches back much further, however, with evidence of ancestral Puebloan and later Comanche presence. The county’s creation coincided with a surge in coal mining activity, attracting settlers seeking opportunity. An interesting anecdote from the early days recounts a fierce blizzard in 1917 that trapped a train carrying supplies, nearly crippling the fledgling community and highlighting the harsh realities of frontier life. The county played a crucial, if often overlooked, role in New Mexico’s development, serving as a vital transportation corridor and resource provider.

Geography & Landscape

The county’s geography is breathtakingly diverse. Situated along the eastern edge of the state, it encompasses a significant portion of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, which dominate the landscape with their dramatic peaks and steep slopes. The Canadian River flows through the western portion, carving a path through the rugged terrain. The land area spans 3,757 square miles, making it the second largest county in New Mexico. The climate is characterized by semi-arid conditions with significant temperature variations between seasons. Summers are warm and dry, while winters are cold and snowy, particularly at higher elevations. Notable natural features include Wheeler Peak, the highest point in New Mexico, and numerous pristine forests teeming with wildlife. The terrain ranges from high alpine meadows to arid grasslands, presenting a stunning variety of ecosystems.

Economy & Communities

The county’s economy is largely driven by natural resources and tourism. Raton, the county seat, serves as the primary commercial hub. Other towns include Cimarron, Maxwell, Springer, and West Douglas, each contributing to the area’s unique character. Historically, coal mining was the dominant industry, and while its importance has diminished, it still plays a role. Agriculture, particularly ranching and hay production, remains significant. Tourism is increasingly important, drawing visitors seeking outdoor recreation opportunities like hiking, fishing, and hunting. Notable employers include the Forest Service, various ranches, and businesses catering to the tourism sector. The area’s character is decidedly rural, with a strong sense of community and a slower pace of life.

Points of Interest

Points of interest abound for those who venture into the county. The Cimarron National Historic Area preserves the legacy of Kit Carson and the Maxwell Land Grant, offering a glimpse into the region’s fur trading and ranching past. Sugarite Canyon State Park provides stunning views and recreational opportunities. The annual Raton Onion Festival celebrates the area’s agricultural heritage. Wheeler Peak Wilderness offers challenging hiking and backpacking adventures. The county has also been home to several notable residents, including artists and writers drawn to the dramatic landscape and peaceful atmosphere. A unique fact is that the county holds the record for having some of the darkest night skies in New Mexico, making it a prime location for stargazing.