County of owyhee

History & Founding

Located in southwestern Idaho, this county represents a vast expanse of rugged beauty and quiet solitude. Established in 1891, it was carved from Boise and Owyhee Provisional Territory, reflecting the region’s earlier boom-and-bust mining era. The name itself originates from the Owyhee River, a significant waterway that defines much of the eastern border. The river’s name, in turn, is believed to derive from the Paiute phrase “Hau hee,” meaning “winding water.” Early settlers and miners flocked to the area seeking silver and gold, contributing to a brief but intense period of growth. A fascinating anecdote from this era tells of a lost silver mine, supposedly marked by a distinctive rock formation shaped like a bear. Despite numerous attempts, the mine remains elusive, adding to the county's mystique and fueling local legends. Its initial role in Idaho’s development was primarily as a mining center, though its significance gradually shifted as mineral resources dwindled.

Geography & Landscape

The county’s geography is dominated by a dramatic landscape of high desert plains, rolling hills, and rugged mountains. Situated along the Snake River Plain, it encompasses approximately 7,678 square miles, making it the second-largest county in Idaho by area. The terrain varies significantly, from the relatively flat desert floor to the steep slopes of the Owyhee Mountains to the west and the Seven Devils Mountains to the northeast. The Owyhee River, the Bruneau River, and numerous smaller creeks and springs provide vital water sources. The climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters, with average annual precipitation relatively low. Notable natural features include the Succor Creek State Natural Area, known for its stunning rock formations and desert wildflowers, and the expansive views from the higher elevations.

Economy & Communities

The county’s economy is largely driven by agriculture, ranching, and tourism. The five towns – Murphy (the county seat), Grand View, Jordan Valley, Homedale, and Marsing – each possess a unique character reflective of their location and history. Agriculture is significant, with hay, alfalfa, wheat, and barley being primary crops. Cattle and sheep ranching are also important contributors to the local economy. While mining’s influence has diminished, some smaller-scale operations continue. Tourism plays an increasingly important role, attracting visitors seeking outdoor recreation opportunities such as hunting, fishing, hiking, and rockhounding. Notable employers include agricultural businesses, ranches, and a few smaller manufacturing companies. The overall character of the area is distinctly rural, with a strong sense of community and a slower pace of life.

Points of Interest

Points of interest abound for those who venture into this sparsely populated region. Succor Creek State Natural Area is a must-see, offering unparalleled views and geological wonders. The historic Murphy Schoolhouse provides a glimpse into the county’s educational past. The annual Owyhee County Fair is a beloved tradition, celebrating the area’s agricultural heritage. The Seven Devils Wilderness, a vast expanse of pristine wilderness, draws experienced backcountry adventurers. The county holds the record for having one of the lowest population densities in Idaho, a testament to its vastness and remote character. While famous residents are few, the spirit of independence and resilience that defines the people of this county is perhaps its most notable and enduring legacy.