County of harlan

History & Founding

Located in south-central Nebraska, this county was established in 1871, carved from a portion of Franklin County. Its name honors George Washington Harlan, a former U.S. Senator from Iowa who was a strong advocate for land grants to support agricultural colleges – a significant investment in the future of the state. Early settlement was spurred by the Homestead Act of 1862, attracting families seeking fertile land and a fresh start. The arrival of the railroad in the 1880s further boosted the area’s growth, connecting it to wider markets and facilitating the transportation of goods. One intriguing story from the county’s early days recounts a brief, albeit unsuccessful, attempt to establish a utopian colony in the 1880s, attracting hopeful settlers with promises of communal living and shared prosperity. It ultimately dissolved due to internal disagreements and the challenges of frontier life, leaving behind a few scattered buildings and a fascinating footnote in the county's history. The county played a vital role in Nebraska’s agricultural development, contributing significantly to the state’s reputation as a breadbasket.

Geography & Landscape

The county sits within the Nebraska prairie region, characterized by gently rolling hills and expansive fields. It occupies approximately 553 square miles, primarily consisting of farmland. The Little Arrawah See and the North Platte River are the primary waterways, providing essential resources for irrigation and recreation. The terrain is relatively flat, with elevations ranging from around 1,200 to 1,400 feet above sea level. The climate is continental, experiencing hot summers with average temperatures in the 80s and cold winters with temperatures often dipping below freezing. Rainfall is moderate, averaging around 24 inches annually. The landscape is dominated by grasslands and cultivated fields, offering a quintessential prairie vista.

Economy & Communities

Alma serves as the county seat and largest town, alongside the smaller communities of Davenport, Hardy, and Orafino. The economy is predominantly agricultural, with farming being the backbone of the area. Corn, soybeans, wheat, and hay are major crops. While agriculture remains dominant, there is a small but growing presence of light industry and manufacturing, often supporting the agricultural sector. Notable employers include agricultural supply companies, grain elevators, and a few local businesses catering to the rural population. The area possesses a distinctly rural character, with a strong sense of community and a slower pace of life. Population density is low, reflecting the vastness of the agricultural landscape.

Points of Interest

Points of interest are reflective of the county’s agricultural heritage and small-town charm. Harlan County Historical Society Museum in Alma offers a glimpse into the area’s past, showcasing artifacts and exhibits related to pioneer life and local history. Several small parks and recreational areas provide opportunities for outdoor activities. The annual Harlan County Fair is a beloved tradition, celebrating the region’s agricultural prowess and fostering community spirit. While not boasting any major tourist attractions, the county offers a peaceful escape and a chance to experience authentic rural Nebraska. The county holds the record for having the highest percentage of farmland dedicated to corn production in Nebraska for several years running, a testament to its agricultural significance.