County of cumberland

History & Founding

Located in the southeastern corner of Illinois, this county holds a quiet charm and a rich history. Established in 1847 from portions of Crawford and Edwards counties, its name honors William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, a British general known for his role in suppressing the Jacobite rebellion in 1745. While the connection to the Duke might seem distant for an Illinois county, it reflects the influence of British heritage in the state’s early settlement. Early settlers were largely farmers drawn by the fertile land, and the county’s development mirrored the broader agricultural expansion across Illinois. A fascinating anecdote from its early days involves a brief, and ultimately unsuccessful, attempt to establish a canal connecting the Embarras River to the Wabash River, a project fueled by ambitious dreams of regional trade. This ambitious plan, though abandoned, highlights the early hopes for rapid economic growth.

Geography & Landscape

The county’s geography is predominantly rolling prairie, typical of the Illinois River Valley region. It covers 346 square miles and sits within the Southeastern Illinois Till Plain. The Embarras River, a tributary of the Wabash, forms a significant portion of the county's western border, providing valuable water resources and contributing to the area’s fertile soil. While no significant mountain ranges exist within the county, the gentle hills and valleys offer scenic views. The climate is generally humid continental, characterized by warm, humid summers and cold winters, with average annual rainfall sufficient to support robust agricultural practices. The land is largely flat, making it ideal for farming, but also offering a sense of openness and tranquility.

Economy & Communities

The county’s economy is rooted in agriculture, with corn, soybeans, and livestock being major contributors. Four incorporated communities – Toledo, Irvington, Greenup, and Walton – serve as hubs for local commerce and community life. While agriculture remains central, there's a slow diversification into light manufacturing and small businesses. Notable employers include agricultural supply companies, local schools, and healthcare facilities. The character of the area is distinctly rural, with a strong sense of community and a slower pace of life. Many residents have deep family ties to the land, contributing to a feeling of continuity and tradition. The population of approximately 11,253 reflects this rural character, maintaining a close-knit atmosphere.

Points of Interest

Points of interest showcase the county’s heritage and natural beauty. Kickapoo State Park, offering hiking trails, camping, and fishing, is a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts. The Cumberland County Historical Society Museum in Toledo preserves local artifacts and stories. The annual Cumberland County Fair is a long-standing tradition, celebrating agriculture and community spirit. While not boasting any nationally recognized landmarks, the county’s quiet charm and connection to Illinois’s agricultural roots offer a unique appeal. The county’s FIPS code is 035, a unique identifier used for statistical purposes. The area remains a place where the values of hard work, community, and a connection to the land are deeply cherished.