County of imperial

History & Founding

Located in the southeastern corner of California, this county boasts a unique blend of arid beauty, agricultural significance, and a rich, sometimes turbulent, history. Established in 1907, it was carved from San Diego County, a testament to the growing population and demands for localized governance in the region. The name "Imperial" is a direct homage to the Imperial Valley itself, a fertile basin originally envisioned by Augustus Jackson, who dreamed of transforming the desert into an agricultural paradise. He initially called it "Jackson’s Valley," but the name evolved as the region’s potential for large-scale irrigation became apparent, reflecting a grand ambition that aligned with the era’s imperialistic ideals. An interesting anecdote from its early days involves the fierce competition between railroad companies vying to control the region’s water rights, a struggle that shaped the valley’s development and continues to influence its landscape. Its creation marked a pivotal moment in California's expansion, solidifying the state's position as an agricultural powerhouse.

Geography & Landscape

The county’s geography is dominated by the vast, low-lying Imperial Valley, a stark contrast to the rugged mountains that border it to the west and east. Situated along the U.S.-Mexico border, it encompasses a significant portion of the Colorado Desert. The Colorado River, a vital source of irrigation water, defines its eastern boundary, while the Salton Sea, a surprisingly large, albeit shrinking, lake, occupies a depression in the valley floor. The terrain is generally flat, punctuated by occasional mesas and hills. The climate is arid, characterized by hot summers and mild winters, with significant temperature variations between day and night. The county’s land area is substantial, covering 4,175 square miles, much of which remains undeveloped desert.

Economy & Communities

The county’s economy is heavily reliant on agriculture, making it a crucial contributor to California’s and the nation’s food supply. Major crops include lettuce, alfalfa, and citrus fruits. Several towns and cities dot the landscape, including El Centro, the county seat, Calexico, located directly across the border from Mexicali, and Brawley. While agriculture remains dominant, there's a growing tourism sector driven by proximity to the border and unique desert landscapes. Industry is limited but includes food processing and some manufacturing related to agricultural needs. Significant employers are often related to farming operations and border-crossing infrastructure. The overall character of the area is rural, with pockets of urban development concentrated in the larger towns. The county’s population, approximately 142,361, reflects a diverse mix of cultures and ethnicities.

Points of Interest

Points of interest include the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, offering stunning desert scenery and opportunities for outdoor recreation. The Imperial Valley Museum showcases the region’s history and cultural heritage. The Sonny Bono Memorial Salton Sea Museum provides insights into the lake's unique ecosystem and the ongoing efforts to address its environmental challenges. Calexico offers a vibrant border town experience. The county also holds the record for some of the hottest recorded temperatures in the United States. The annual Imperial Valley Fair is a popular event celebrating the region’s agricultural heritage and community spirit. The close proximity to Mexico and the unique desert environment contribute to the county’s distinctive character and allure.